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//===- IndirectCallPromotion.cpp - Optimizations based on value profiling -===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements the transformation that promotes indirect calls to
// conditional direct calls when the indirect-call value profile metadata is
// available.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallPromotionAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallVisitor.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Attributes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/CallSite.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DiagnosticInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProf.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/PGOInstrumentation.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/CallPromotionUtils.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using namespace llvm;
#define DEBUG_TYPE "pgo-icall-prom"
STATISTIC(NumOfPGOICallPromotion, "Number of indirect call promotions.");
STATISTIC(NumOfPGOICallsites, "Number of indirect call candidate sites.");
// Command line option to disable indirect-call promotion with the default as
// false. This is for debug purpose.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableICP("disable-icp", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Disable indirect call promotion"));
// Set the cutoff value for the promotion. If the value is other than 0, we
// stop the transformation once the total number of promotions equals the cutoff
// value.
// For debug use only.
static cl::opt<unsigned>
ICPCutOff("icp-cutoff", cl::init(0), cl::Hidden, cl::ZeroOrMore,
cl::desc("Max number of promotions for this compilation"));
// If ICPCSSkip is non zero, the first ICPCSSkip callsites will be skipped.
// For debug use only.
static cl::opt<unsigned>
ICPCSSkip("icp-csskip", cl::init(0), cl::Hidden, cl::ZeroOrMore,
cl::desc("Skip Callsite up to this number for this compilation"));
// Set if the pass is called in LTO optimization. The difference for LTO mode
// is the pass won't prefix the source module name to the internal linkage
// symbols.
static cl::opt<bool> ICPLTOMode("icp-lto", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion in LTO "
"mode"));
// Set if the pass is called in SamplePGO mode. The difference for SamplePGO
// mode is it will add prof metadatato the created direct call.
static cl::opt<bool>
ICPSamplePGOMode("icp-samplepgo", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion in SamplePGO mode"));
// If the option is set to true, only call instructions will be considered for
// transformation -- invoke instructions will be ignored.
static cl::opt<bool>
ICPCallOnly("icp-call-only", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion for call instructions "
"only"));
// If the option is set to true, only invoke instructions will be considered for
// transformation -- call instructions will be ignored.
static cl::opt<bool> ICPInvokeOnly("icp-invoke-only", cl::init(false),
cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion for "
"invoke instruction only"));
// Dump the function level IR if the transformation happened in this
// function. For debug use only.
static cl::opt<bool>
ICPDUMPAFTER("icp-dumpafter", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Dump IR after transformation happens"));
namespace {
class PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass : public ModulePass {
public:
static char ID;
PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass(bool InLTO = false, bool SamplePGO = false)
: ModulePass(ID), InLTO(InLTO), SamplePGO(SamplePGO) {
initializePGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPassPass(
*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
}
void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
AU.addRequired<ProfileSummaryInfoWrapperPass>();
}
StringRef getPassName() const override { return "PGOIndirectCallPromotion"; }
private:
bool runOnModule(Module &M) override;
// If this pass is called in LTO. We need to special handling the PGOFuncName
// for the static variables due to LTO's internalization.
bool InLTO;
// If this pass is called in SamplePGO. We need to add the prof metadata to
// the promoted direct call.
bool SamplePGO;
};
} // end anonymous namespace
char PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass, "pgo-icall-prom",
"Use PGO instrumentation profile to promote indirect "
"calls to direct calls.",
false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(ProfileSummaryInfoWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass, "pgo-icall-prom",
"Use PGO instrumentation profile to promote indirect "
"calls to direct calls.",
false, false)
ModulePass *llvm::createPGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass(bool InLTO,
bool SamplePGO) {
return new PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass(InLTO, SamplePGO);
}
namespace {
// The class for main data structure to promote indirect calls to conditional
// direct calls.
class ICallPromotionFunc {
private:
Function &F;
Module *M;
// Symtab that maps indirect call profile values to function names and
// defines.
InstrProfSymtab *Symtab;
bool SamplePGO;
OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE;
// A struct that records the direct target and it's call count.
struct PromotionCandidate {
Function *TargetFunction;
uint64_t Count;
PromotionCandidate(Function *F, uint64_t C) : TargetFunction(F), Count(C) {}
};
// Check if the indirect-call call site should be promoted. Return the number
// of promotions. Inst is the candidate indirect call, ValueDataRef
// contains the array of value profile data for profiled targets,
// TotalCount is the total profiled count of call executions, and
// NumCandidates is the number of candidate entries in ValueDataRef.
std::vector<PromotionCandidate> getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
Instruction *Inst, const ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> &ValueDataRef,
uint64_t TotalCount, uint32_t NumCandidates);
// Promote a list of targets for one indirect-call callsite. Return
// the number of promotions.
uint32_t tryToPromote(Instruction *Inst,
const std::vector<PromotionCandidate> &Candidates,
uint64_t &TotalCount);
public:
ICallPromotionFunc(Function &Func, Module *Modu, InstrProfSymtab *Symtab,
bool SamplePGO, OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE)
: F(Func), M(Modu), Symtab(Symtab), SamplePGO(SamplePGO), ORE(ORE) {}
ICallPromotionFunc(const ICallPromotionFunc &) = delete;
ICallPromotionFunc &operator=(const ICallPromotionFunc &) = delete;
bool processFunction(ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI);
};
} // end anonymous namespace
// Indirect-call promotion heuristic. The direct targets are sorted based on
// the count. Stop at the first target that is not promoted.
std::vector<ICallPromotionFunc::PromotionCandidate>
ICallPromotionFunc::getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
Instruction *Inst, const ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> &ValueDataRef,
uint64_t TotalCount, uint32_t NumCandidates) {
std::vector<PromotionCandidate> Ret;
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " \nWork on callsite #" << NumOfPGOICallsites << *Inst
<< " Num_targets: " << ValueDataRef.size()
<< " Num_candidates: " << NumCandidates << "\n");
NumOfPGOICallsites++;
if (ICPCSSkip != 0 && NumOfPGOICallsites <= ICPCSSkip) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Skip: User options.\n");
return Ret;
}
for (uint32_t I = 0; I < NumCandidates; I++) {
uint64_t Count = ValueDataRef[I].Count;
assert(Count <= TotalCount);
uint64_t Target = ValueDataRef[I].Value;
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Candidate " << I << " Count=" << Count
<< " Target_func: " << Target << "\n");
if (ICPInvokeOnly && isa<CallInst>(Inst)) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: User options.\n");
ORE.emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UserOptions", Inst)
<< " Not promote: User options";
});
break;
}
if (ICPCallOnly && isa<InvokeInst>(Inst)) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: User option.\n");
ORE.emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UserOptions", Inst)
<< " Not promote: User options";
});
break;
}
if (ICPCutOff != 0 && NumOfPGOICallPromotion >= ICPCutOff) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: Cutoff reached.\n");
ORE.emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "CutOffReached", Inst)
<< " Not promote: Cutoff reached";
});
break;
}
Function *TargetFunction = Symtab->getFunction(Target);
if (TargetFunction == nullptr) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: Cannot find the target\n");
ORE.emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UnableToFindTarget", Inst)
<< "Cannot promote indirect call: target with md5sum "
<< ore::NV("target md5sum", Target) << " not found";
});
break;
}
const char *Reason = nullptr;
if (!isLegalToPromote(CallSite(Inst), TargetFunction, &Reason)) {
using namespace ore;
ORE.emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UnableToPromote", Inst)
<< "Cannot promote indirect call to "
<< NV("TargetFunction", TargetFunction) << " with count of "
<< NV("Count", Count) << ": " << Reason;
});
break;
}
Ret.push_back(PromotionCandidate(TargetFunction, Count));
TotalCount -= Count;
}
return Ret;
}
Instruction *llvm::pgo::promoteIndirectCall(Instruction *Inst,
Function *DirectCallee,
uint64_t Count, uint64_t TotalCount,
bool AttachProfToDirectCall,
OptimizationRemarkEmitter *ORE) {
uint64_t ElseCount = TotalCount - Count;
uint64_t MaxCount = (Count >= ElseCount ? Count : ElseCount);
uint64_t Scale = calculateCountScale(MaxCount);
MDBuilder MDB(Inst->getContext());
MDNode *BranchWeights = MDB.createBranchWeights(
scaleBranchCount(Count, Scale), scaleBranchCount(ElseCount, Scale));
Instruction *NewInst =
promoteCallWithIfThenElse(CallSite(Inst), DirectCallee, BranchWeights);
if (AttachProfToDirectCall) {
MDBuilder MDB(NewInst->getContext());
NewInst->setMetadata(
LLVMContext::MD_prof,
MDB.createBranchWeights({static_cast<uint32_t>(Count)}));
}
using namespace ore;
if (ORE)
ORE->emit([&]() {
return OptimizationRemark(DEBUG_TYPE, "Promoted", Inst)
<< "Promote indirect call to " << NV("DirectCallee", DirectCallee)
<< " with count " << NV("Count", Count) << " out of "
<< NV("TotalCount", TotalCount);
});
return NewInst;
}
// Promote indirect-call to conditional direct-call for one callsite.
uint32_t ICallPromotionFunc::tryToPromote(
Instruction *Inst, const std::vector<PromotionCandidate> &Candidates,
uint64_t &TotalCount) {
uint32_t NumPromoted = 0;
for (auto &C : Candidates) {
uint64_t Count = C.Count;
pgo::promoteIndirectCall(Inst, C.TargetFunction, Count, TotalCount,
SamplePGO, &ORE);
assert(TotalCount >= Count);
TotalCount -= Count;
NumOfPGOICallPromotion++;
NumPromoted++;
}
return NumPromoted;
}
// Traverse all the indirect-call callsite and get the value profile
// annotation to perform indirect-call promotion.
bool ICallPromotionFunc::processFunction(ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) {
bool Changed = false;
ICallPromotionAnalysis ICallAnalysis;
for (auto &I : findIndirectCalls(F)) {
uint32_t NumVals, NumCandidates;
uint64_t TotalCount;
auto ICallProfDataRef = ICallAnalysis.getPromotionCandidatesForInstruction(
I, NumVals, TotalCount, NumCandidates);
if (!NumCandidates ||
(PSI && PSI->hasProfileSummary() && !PSI->isHotCount(TotalCount)))
continue;
auto PromotionCandidates = getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
I, ICallProfDataRef, TotalCount, NumCandidates);
uint32_t NumPromoted = tryToPromote(I, PromotionCandidates, TotalCount);
if (NumPromoted == 0)
continue;
Changed = true;
// Adjust the MD.prof metadata. First delete the old one.
I->setMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof, nullptr);
// If all promoted, we don't need the MD.prof metadata.
if (TotalCount == 0 || NumPromoted == NumVals)
continue;
// Otherwise we need update with the un-promoted records back.
annotateValueSite(*M, *I, ICallProfDataRef.slice(NumPromoted), TotalCount,
IPVK_IndirectCallTarget, NumCandidates);
}
return Changed;
}
// A wrapper function that does the actual work.
static bool promoteIndirectCalls(Module &M, ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI,
bool InLTO, bool SamplePGO,
ModuleAnalysisManager *AM = nullptr) {
if (DisableICP)
return false;
InstrProfSymtab Symtab;
if (Error E = Symtab.create(M, InLTO)) {
std::string SymtabFailure = toString(std::move(E));
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Failed to create symtab: " << SymtabFailure << "\n");
(void)SymtabFailure;
return false;
}
bool Changed = false;
for (auto &F : M) {
if (F.isDeclaration() || F.hasOptNone())
continue;
std::unique_ptr<OptimizationRemarkEmitter> OwnedORE;
OptimizationRemarkEmitter *ORE;
if (AM) {
auto &FAM =
AM->getResult<FunctionAnalysisManagerModuleProxy>(M).getManager();
ORE = &FAM.getResult<OptimizationRemarkEmitterAnalysis>(F);
} else {
OwnedORE = std::make_unique<OptimizationRemarkEmitter>(&F);
ORE = OwnedORE.get();
}
ICallPromotionFunc ICallPromotion(F, &M, &Symtab, SamplePGO, *ORE);
bool FuncChanged = ICallPromotion.processFunction(PSI);
if (ICPDUMPAFTER && FuncChanged) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== IR Dump After =="; F.print(dbgs()));
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n");
}
Changed |= FuncChanged;
if (ICPCutOff != 0 && NumOfPGOICallPromotion >= ICPCutOff) {
LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Stop: Cutoff reached.\n");
break;
}
}
return Changed;
}
bool PGOIndirectCallPromotionLegacyPass::runOnModule(Module &M) {
ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI =
&getAnalysis<ProfileSummaryInfoWrapperPass>().getPSI();
// Command-line option has the priority for InLTO.
return promoteIndirectCalls(M, PSI, InLTO | ICPLTOMode,
SamplePGO | ICPSamplePGOMode);
}
PreservedAnalyses PGOIndirectCallPromotion::run(Module &M,
ModuleAnalysisManager &AM) {
ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI = &AM.getResult<ProfileSummaryAnalysis>(M);
if (!promoteIndirectCalls(M, PSI, InLTO | ICPLTOMode,
SamplePGO | ICPSamplePGOMode, &AM))
return PreservedAnalyses::all();
return PreservedAnalyses::none();
}