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// Copyright (c) 2017 Google Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_MERGE_RETURN_PASS_H_
#define SOURCE_OPT_MERGE_RETURN_PASS_H_
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>
#include "source/opt/basic_block.h"
#include "source/opt/function.h"
#include "source/opt/mem_pass.h"
namespace spvtools {
namespace opt {
/*******************************************************************************
*
* Handling Structured Control Flow:
*
* Structured control flow guarantees that the CFG will converge at a given
* point (the merge block). Within structured control flow, all blocks must be
* post-dominated by the merge block, except return blocks and break blocks.
* A break block is a block that branches to a containing construct's merge
* block.
*
* Beyond this, we further assume that all unreachable blocks have been
* cleaned up. This means that the only unreachable blocks are those necessary
* for valid structured control flow.
*
* Algorithm:
*
* If a return is encountered, it should record that: i) the function has
* "returned" and ii) the value of the return. The return should be replaced
* with a branch. If current block is not within structured control flow, this
* is the final return. This block should branch to the new return block (its
* direct successor). If the current block is within structured control flow,
* the branch destination should be the innermost construct's merge. This
* merge will always exist because a single case switch is added around the
* entire function. If the merge block produces any live values it will need to
* be predicated. While the merge is nested in structured control flow, the
* predication path should branch to the merge block of the inner-most loop
* (or switch if no loop) it is contained in. Once structured control flow has
* been exited, it will be at the merge of the single case switch, which will
* simply return.
*
* In the final return block, the return value should be loaded and returned.
* Memory promotion passes should be able to promote the newly introduced
* variables ("has returned" and "return value").
*
* Predicating the Final Merge:
*
* At each merge block predication needs to be introduced (optimization: only if
* that block produces value live beyond it). This needs to be done carefully.
* The merge block should be split into multiple blocks.
*
* 1 (loop header)
* / \
* (ret) 2 3 (merge)
*
* ||
* \/
*
* 0 (single case switch header)
* |
* 1 (loop header)
* / \
* 2 | (merge)
* \ /
* 3' (merge)
* / \
* | 3 (original code in 3)
* \ /
* (ret) 4 (single case switch merge)
*
* In the above (simple) example, the return originally in |2| is passed through
* the loop merge. That merge is predicated such that the old body of the block
* is the else branch. The branch condition is based on the value of the "has
* returned" variable.
*
******************************************************************************/
// Documented in optimizer.hpp
class MergeReturnPass : public MemPass {
public:
MergeReturnPass()
: function_(nullptr),
return_flag_(nullptr),
return_value_(nullptr),
constant_true_(nullptr),
final_return_block_(nullptr) {}
const char* name() const override { return "merge-return"; }
Status Process() override;
IRContext::Analysis GetPreservedAnalyses() override {
return IRContext::kAnalysisConstants | IRContext::kAnalysisTypes;
}
private:
// This class is used to store the a break merge instruction and a current
// merge instruction. The intended use is to keep track of the block to
// break to and the current innermost control flow construct merge block.
class StructuredControlState {
public:
StructuredControlState(Instruction* break_merge, Instruction* merge)
: break_merge_(break_merge), current_merge_(merge) {}
bool InBreakable() const { return break_merge_; }
bool InStructuredFlow() const { return CurrentMergeId() != 0; }
uint32_t CurrentMergeId() const {
return current_merge_ ? current_merge_->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u) : 0u;
}
uint32_t CurrentMergeHeader() const {
return current_merge_ ? current_merge_->context()
->get_instr_block(current_merge_)
->id()
: 0;
}
uint32_t BreakMergeId() const {
return break_merge_ ? break_merge_->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u) : 0u;
}
Instruction* BreakMergeInst() const { return break_merge_; }
private:
Instruction* break_merge_;
Instruction* current_merge_;
};
// Returns all BasicBlocks terminated by OpReturn or OpReturnValue in
// |function|.
std::vector<BasicBlock*> CollectReturnBlocks(Function* function);
// Creates a new basic block with a single return. If |function| returns a
// value, a phi node is created to select the correct value to return.
// Replaces old returns with an unconditional branch to the new block.
void MergeReturnBlocks(Function* function,
const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& returnBlocks);
// Generate and push new control flow state if |block| contains a merge.
void GenerateState(BasicBlock* block);
// Merges the return instruction in |function| so that it has a single return
// statement. It is assumed that |function| has structured control flow, and
// that |return_blocks| is a list of all of the basic blocks in |function|
// that have a return.
bool ProcessStructured(Function* function,
const std::vector<BasicBlock*>& return_blocks);
// Changes an OpReturn* or OpUnreachable instruction at the end of |block|
// into a store to |return_flag_|, a store to |return_value_| (if necessary),
// and a branch to the appropriate merge block.
//
// Is is assumed that |AddReturnValue| have already been called to created the
// variable to store a return value if there is one.
//
// Note this will break the semantics. To fix this, PredicateBlock will have
// to be called on the merge block the branch targets.
void ProcessStructuredBlock(BasicBlock* block);
// Creates a variable used to store whether or not the control flow has
// traversed a block that used to have a return. A pointer to the instruction
// declaring the variable is stored in |return_flag_|.
void AddReturnFlag();
// Creates the variable used to store the return value when passing through
// a block that use to contain an OpReturnValue.
void AddReturnValue();
// Adds a store that stores true to |return_flag_| immediately before the
// terminator of |block|. It is assumed that |AddReturnFlag| has already been
// called.
void RecordReturned(BasicBlock* block);
// Adds an instruction that stores the value being returned in the
// OpReturnValue in |block|. The value is stored to |return_value_|, and the
// store is placed before the OpReturnValue.
//
// If |block| does not contain an OpReturnValue, then this function has no
// effect. If |block| contains an OpReturnValue, then |AddReturnValue| must
// have already been called to create the variable to store to.
void RecordReturnValue(BasicBlock* block);
// Adds an unconditional branch in |block| that branches to |target|. It also
// adds stores to |return_flag_| and |return_value_| as needed.
// |AddReturnFlag| and |AddReturnValue| must have already been called.
void BranchToBlock(BasicBlock* block, uint32_t target);
// For every basic block that is reachable from |return_block|, extra code is
// added to jump around any code that should not be executed because the
// original code would have already returned. This involves adding new
// selections constructs to jump around these instructions.
//
// If new blocks that are created will be added to |order|. This way a call
// can traverse these new block in structured order.
//
// Returns true if successful.
bool PredicateBlocks(BasicBlock* return_block,
std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*>* pSet,
std::list<BasicBlock*>* order);
// Add a conditional branch at the start of |block| that either jumps to
// the merge block of |break_merge_inst| or the original code in |block|
// depending on the value in |return_flag_|. The continue target in
// |break_merge_inst| will be updated if needed.
//
// If new blocks that are created will be added to |order|. This way a call
// can traverse these new block in structured order.
//
// Returns true if successful.
bool BreakFromConstruct(BasicBlock* block,
std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*>* predicated,
std::list<BasicBlock*>* order,
Instruction* break_merge_inst);
// Add an |OpReturn| or |OpReturnValue| to the end of |block|. If an
// |OpReturnValue| is needed, the return value is loaded from |return_value_|.
void CreateReturn(BasicBlock* block);
// Creates a block at the end of the function that will become the single
// return block at the end of the pass.
void CreateReturnBlock();
// Creates a Phi node in |merge_block| for the result of |inst|.
// Any uses of the result of |inst| that are no longer
// dominated by |inst|, are replaced with the result of the new |OpPhi|
// instruction.
void CreatePhiNodesForInst(BasicBlock* merge_block, Instruction& inst);
// Add new phi nodes for any id that no longer dominate all of it uses. A phi
// node is added to a block |bb| for an id if the id is defined between the
// original immediate dominator of |bb| and its new immediate dominator. It
// is assumed that at this point there are no unreachable blocks in the
// control flow graph.
void AddNewPhiNodes();
// Creates any new phi nodes that are needed in |bb|. |AddNewPhiNodes| must
// have already been called on the original dominators of |bb|.
void AddNewPhiNodes(BasicBlock* bb);
// Records the terminator of immediate dominator for every basic block in
// |function|.
void RecordImmediateDominators(Function* function);
// Modifies existing OpPhi instruction in |target| block to account for the
// new edge from |new_source|. The value for that edge will be an Undef.
//
// The CFG must not include the edge from |new_source| to |target| yet.
void UpdatePhiNodes(BasicBlock* new_source, BasicBlock* target);
StructuredControlState& CurrentState() { return state_.back(); }
// Inserts |new_element| into |list| after the first occurrence of |element|.
// |element| must be in |list| at least once.
void InsertAfterElement(BasicBlock* element, BasicBlock* new_element,
std::list<BasicBlock*>* list);
// Creates a single case switch around all of the executable code of the
// current function where the switch and case value are both zero and the
// default is the merge block. Returns after the switch is executed. Sets
// |final_return_block_|.
bool AddSingleCaseSwitchAroundFunction();
// Creates a new basic block that branches to |header_label_id|. Returns the
// new basic block. The block will be the second last basic block in the
// function.
BasicBlock* CreateContinueTarget(uint32_t header_label_id);
// Creates a one case switch around the executable code of the function with
// |merge_target| as the merge node.
bool CreateSingleCaseSwitch(BasicBlock* merge_target);
// Returns true if |function| has an unreachable block that is not a continue
// target that simply branches back to the header, or a merge block containing
// 1 instruction which is OpUnreachable.
bool HasNontrivialUnreachableBlocks(Function* function);
// A stack used to keep track of the break and current control flow construct
// merge blocks.
std::vector<StructuredControlState> state_;
// The current function being transformed.
Function* function_;
// The |OpVariable| instruction defining a boolean variable used to keep track
// of whether or not the function is trying to return.
Instruction* return_flag_;
// The |OpVariable| instruction defining a variabled to used to keep track of
// the value that was returned when passing through a block that use to
// contain an |OpReturnValue|.
Instruction* return_value_;
// The instruction defining the boolean constant true.
Instruction* constant_true_;
// The basic block that is suppose to become the contain the only return value
// after processing the current function.
BasicBlock* final_return_block_;
// This is a map from a node to its original immediate dominator identified by
// the terminator if that block. We use the terminator because the block we
// want may change if the block is split.
std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, Instruction*> original_dominator_;
// A map from a basic block, bb, to the set of basic blocks which represent
// the new edges that reach |bb|.
std::unordered_map<BasicBlock*, std::set<uint32_t>> new_edges_;
// Contains all return blocks that are merged. This is set is populated while
// processing structured blocks and used to properly construct OpPhi
// instructions.
std::unordered_set<uint32_t> return_blocks_;
};
} // namespace opt
} // namespace spvtools
#endif // SOURCE_OPT_MERGE_RETURN_PASS_H_