tests/VulkanWrapper/VulkanTester.cpp - SwiftShader - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2021 The SwiftShader Authors. All Rights Reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #include "VulkanTester.hpp"
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>

 namespace fs = std::filesystem;

 // By default, load SwiftShader via loader
 #ifndef LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER
 #	define LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER 0
 #endif

 #ifndef LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
 #	define LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY 0
 #endif

 #if LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER && LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
 #	error Enable only one of LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER and LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
 #endif

 // By default, enable validation layers in DEBUG builds
 #if !defined(ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS) && !defined(NDEBUG)
 #	define ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS 1
 #endif

 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #	define OS_WINDOWS 1
 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
 #	include "dlfcn.h"
 #	define OS_MAC 1
 #elif defined(__ANDROID__)
 #	include "dlfcn.h"
 #	define OS_ANDROID 1
 #elif defined(__linux__)
 #	include "dlfcn.h"
 #	define OS_LINUX 1
 #elif defined(__Fuchsia__)
 #	include <zircon/dlfcn.h>
 #	define OS_FUCHSIA 1
 #else
 #	error Unimplemented platform
 #endif

 // TODO: move to its own header/cpp
 // Wraps a single environment variable, allowing it to be set
 // and automatically restored on destruction.
 class ScopedSetEnvVar
 {
 public:
 	ScopedSetEnvVar(std::string name)
 	    : name(name)
 	{
 		assert(!name.empty());
 	}

 	ScopedSetEnvVar(std::string name, std::string value)
 	    : name(name)
 	{
 		set(value);
 	}

 	~ScopedSetEnvVar()
 	{
 		restore();
 	}

 	void set(std::string value)
 	{
 		restore();
 		if(auto ov = getEnv(name.data()))
 		{
 			oldValue = ov;
 		}
 		putEnv((name + std::string("=") + value).c_str());
 	}

 	void restore()
 	{
 		if(!oldValue.empty())
 		{
 			putEnv((name + std::string("=") + oldValue).c_str());
 			oldValue.clear();
 		}
 	}

 private:
 	void putEnv(const char *env)
 	{
 		// POSIX putenv needs 'env' to live beyond the call
 		envCopy = env;
 #if OS_WINDOWS
 		[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::_putenv(envCopy.c_str());
 		assert(r == 0);
 #else
 		[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::putenv(const_cast<char *>(envCopy.c_str()));
 		assert(r == 0);
 #endif
 	}

 	const char *getEnv(const char *name)
 	{
 		return ::getenv(name);
 	}

 	std::string name;
 	std::string oldValue;
 	std::string envCopy;
 };

 // Generates a temporary icd.json file that sets library_path at the input driverPath,
 // and sets VK_ICD_FILENAMES environment variable to this file, restoring the env var
 // and deleting the temp file on destruction.
 class ScopedSetIcdFilenames
 {
 public:
 	ScopedSetIcdFilenames() = default;
 	ScopedSetIcdFilenames(const char *driverPath)
 	{
 		std::ofstream fout(icdFileName);
 		assert(fout && "Failed to create generated icd file");
 		fout << R"raw({ "file_format_version": "1.0.0", "ICD": { "library_path": ")raw" << driverPath << R"raw(", "api_version": "1.0.5" } } )raw";
 		fout.close();

 		setEnvVar.set(icdFileName);
 	}

 	~ScopedSetIcdFilenames()
 	{
 		if(fs::exists("vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json"))
 		{
 			fs::remove("vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json");
 		}
 	}

 private:
 	static constexpr const char *icdFileName = "vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json";
 	ScopedSetEnvVar setEnvVar{ "VK_ICD_FILENAMES" };
 };

 namespace {

 std::vector<const char *> getDriverPaths()
 {
 #if OS_WINDOWS
 #	if !defined(STANDALONE)
 	// The DLL is delay loaded (see BUILD.gn), so we can load
 	// the correct ones from Chrome's swiftshader subdirectory.
 	// HMODULE libvulkan = LoadLibraryA("swiftshader\\libvulkan.dll");
 	// EXPECT_NE((HMODULE)NULL, libvulkan);
 	// return true;
 #		error TODO: !STANDALONE
 #	elif defined(NDEBUG)
 #		if defined(_WIN64)
 	return { "./build/Release_x64/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/Release/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/RelWithDebInfo/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
 #		else
 	return { "./build/Release_Win32/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/Release/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/RelWithDebInfo/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
 #		endif
 #	else
 #		if defined(_WIN64)
 	return { "./build/Debug_x64/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/Debug/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
 #		else
 	return { "./build/Debug_Win32/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/Debug/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
 		     "./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
 #		endif
 #	endif
 #elif OS_MAC
 	return { "./build/Darwin/libvk_swiftshader.dylib",
 		     "swiftshader/libvk_swiftshader.dylib",
 		     "libvk_swiftshader.dylib" };
 #elif OS_LINUX
 	return { "./build/Linux/libvk_swiftshader.so",
 		     "swiftshader/libvk_swiftshader.so",
 		     "./libvk_swiftshader.so",
 		     "libvk_swiftshader.so" };
 #elif OS_ANDROID || OS_FUCHSIA
 	return
 	{
 		"libvk_swiftshader.so"
 	}
 #else
 #	error Unimplemented platform
 	return {};
 #endif
 }

 bool fileExists(const char *path)
 {
 	std::ifstream f(path);
 	return f.good();
 }

 std::string findDriverPath()
 {
 	for(auto &path : getDriverPaths())
 	{
 		if(fileExists(path))
 			return path;
 	}

 #if(OS_LINUX || OS_ANDROID || OS_FUCHSIA)
 	// On Linux-based OSes, the lib path may be resolved by dlopen
 	for(auto &path : getDriverPaths())
 	{
 		auto lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_LOCAL);
 		if(lib)
 		{
 			char libPath[2048] = { '\0' };
 			dlinfo(lib, RTLD_DI_ORIGIN, libPath);
 			dlclose(lib);
 			return std::string{ libPath } + "/" + path;
 		}
 	}
 #endif

 	return {};
 }

 }  // namespace

 VulkanTester::VulkanTester() = default;

 VulkanTester::~VulkanTester()
 {
 	device.waitIdle();
 	device.destroy(nullptr);
 	if(debugReport) instance.destroy(debugReport);
 	instance.destroy(nullptr);
 }

 void VulkanTester::initialize()
 {
 	dl = loadDriver();
 	assert(dl && dl->success());

 	PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr = dl->getProcAddress<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>("vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
 	VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);

 	vk::InstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo;
 	std::vector<const char *> extensionNames
 	{
 		VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #if USE_HEADLESS_SURFACE
 		    VK_EXT_HEADLESS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #endif
 #if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
 		    VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
 #endif
 	};
 #if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
 	extensionNames.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
 #endif

 	std::vector<const char *> layerNames;
 #if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
 	auto addLayerIfAvailable = [](std::vector<const char *> &layers, const char *layer) {
 		static auto layerProperties = vk::enumerateInstanceLayerProperties();
 		if(std::find_if(layerProperties.begin(), layerProperties.end(), [layer](auto &lp) {
 			   return strcmp(layer, lp.layerName) == 0;
 		   }) != layerProperties.end())
 		{
 			// std::cout << "Enabled layer: " << layer << std::endl;
 			layers.push_back(layer);
 		}
 	};

 	addLayerIfAvailable(layerNames, "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
 	addLayerIfAvailable(layerNames, "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation");
 #endif

 	instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensionNames.data();
 	instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensionNames.size());
 	instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = layerNames.data();
 	instanceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layerNames.size());

 	instance = vk::createInstance(instanceCreateInfo, nullptr);
 	VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(instance);

 #if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
 	if(VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
 	{
 		vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugInfo;
 		debugInfo.messageSeverity =
 		    // vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eVerbose |
 		    vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError |
 		    vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning;

 		debugInfo.messageType = vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral |
 		                        vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation |
 		                        vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance;

 		PFN_vkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT debugInfoCallback =
 		    [](
 		        VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
 		        VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
 		        const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
 		        void *pUserData) -> VkBool32 {
 			// assert(false);
 			std::cerr << "[DebugInfoCallback] " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
 			return VK_FALSE;
 		};

 		debugInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugInfoCallback;
 		debugReport = instance.createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(debugInfo);
 	}
 #endif

 	std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> physicalDevices = instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
 	assert(!physicalDevices.empty());
 	physicalDevice = physicalDevices[0];

 	const float defaultQueuePriority = 0.0f;
 	vk::DeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo;
 	queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
 	queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
 	queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &defaultQueuePriority;

 	std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = {
 		VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
 	};

 	vk::DeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo;
 	deviceCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
 	deviceCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;
 	deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
 	deviceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());

 	device = physicalDevice.createDevice(deviceCreateInfo, nullptr);

 	queue = device.getQueue(queueFamilyIndex, 0);
 }

 std::unique_ptr<vk::DynamicLoader> VulkanTester::loadDriver()
 {
 	if(LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER)
 	{
 		return std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
 	}

 	auto driverPath = findDriverPath();
 	assert(!driverPath.empty());

 	if(LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY)
 	{
 		return std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>(driverPath);
 	}

 	// Load SwiftShader via loader

 	// Set VK_ICD_FILENAMES env var so it gets picked up by the loading of the ICD driver
 	setIcdFilenames = std::make_unique<ScopedSetIcdFilenames>(driverPath.c_str());

 	std::unique_ptr<vk::DynamicLoader> dl;
 #ifndef VULKAN_HPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
 	try
 	{
 		dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
 	}
 	catch(std::exception &ex)
 	{
 		std::cerr << "vk::DynamicLoader exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
 		std::cerr << "Falling back to loading SwiftShader directly (i.e. no validation layers)" << std::endl;
 		dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>(driverPath);
 	}
 #else
 	dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
 #endif

 	return dl;
 }
	// Copyright 2021 The SwiftShader Authors. All Rights Reserved.
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#include "VulkanTester.hpp"
	#include <cstdlib>
	#include <filesystem>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <iostream>

	namespace fs = std::filesystem;

	// By default, load SwiftShader via loader
	#ifndef LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER
	# define LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER 0
	#endif

	#ifndef LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
	# define LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY 0
	#endif

	#if LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER && LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
	# error Enable only one of LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER and LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY
	#endif

	// By default, enable validation layers in DEBUG builds
	#if !defined(ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS) && !defined(NDEBUG)
	# define ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS 1
	#endif

	#if defined(_WIN32)
	# define OS_WINDOWS 1
	#elif defined(__APPLE__)
	# include "dlfcn.h"
	# define OS_MAC 1
	#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
	# include "dlfcn.h"
	# define OS_ANDROID 1
	#elif defined(__linux__)
	# include "dlfcn.h"
	# define OS_LINUX 1
	#elif defined(__Fuchsia__)
	# include <zircon/dlfcn.h>
	# define OS_FUCHSIA 1
	#else
	# error Unimplemented platform
	#endif

	// TODO: move to its own header/cpp
	// Wraps a single environment variable, allowing it to be set
	// and automatically restored on destruction.
	class ScopedSetEnvVar
	{
	public:
	ScopedSetEnvVar(std::string name)
	: name(name)
	{
	assert(!name.empty());
	}

	ScopedSetEnvVar(std::string name, std::string value)
	: name(name)
	{
	set(value);
	}

	~ScopedSetEnvVar()
	{
	restore();
	}

	void set(std::string value)
	{
	restore();
	if(auto ov = getEnv(name.data()))
	{
	oldValue = ov;
	}
	putEnv((name + std::string("=") + value).c_str());
	}

	void restore()
	{
	if(!oldValue.empty())
	{
	putEnv((name + std::string("=") + oldValue).c_str());
	oldValue.clear();
	}
	}

	private:
	void putEnv(const char *env)
	{
	// POSIX putenv needs 'env' to live beyond the call
	envCopy = env;
	#if OS_WINDOWS
	[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::_putenv(envCopy.c_str());
	assert(r == 0);
	#else
	[[maybe_unused]] auto r = ::putenv(const_cast<char *>(envCopy.c_str()));
	assert(r == 0);
	#endif
	}

	const char getEnv(const char name)
	{
	return ::getenv(name);
	}

	std::string name;
	std::string oldValue;
	std::string envCopy;
	};

	// Generates a temporary icd.json file that sets library_path at the input driverPath,
	// and sets VK_ICD_FILENAMES environment variable to this file, restoring the env var
	// and deleting the temp file on destruction.
	class ScopedSetIcdFilenames
	{
	public:
	ScopedSetIcdFilenames() = default;
	ScopedSetIcdFilenames(const char *driverPath)
	{
	std::ofstream fout(icdFileName);
	assert(fout && "Failed to create generated icd file");
	fout << R"raw({ "file_format_version": "1.0.0", "ICD": { "library_path": ")raw" << driverPath << R"raw(", "api_version": "1.0.5" } } )raw";
	fout.close();

	setEnvVar.set(icdFileName);
	}

	~ScopedSetIcdFilenames()
	{
	if(fs::exists("vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json"))
	{
	fs::remove("vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json");
	}
	}

	private:
	static constexpr const char *icdFileName = "vk_swiftshader_generated_icd.json";
	ScopedSetEnvVar setEnvVar{ "VK_ICD_FILENAMES" };
	};

	namespace {

	std::vector<const char *> getDriverPaths()
	{
	#if OS_WINDOWS
	# if !defined(STANDALONE)
	// The DLL is delay loaded (see BUILD.gn), so we can load
	// the correct ones from Chrome's swiftshader subdirectory.
	// HMODULE libvulkan = LoadLibraryA("swiftshader\\libvulkan.dll");
	// EXPECT_NE((HMODULE)NULL, libvulkan);
	// return true;
	# error TODO: !STANDALONE
	# elif defined(NDEBUG)
	# if defined(_WIN64)
	return { "./build/Release_x64/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/Release/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/RelWithDebInfo/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
	# else
	return { "./build/Release_Win32/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/Release/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/RelWithDebInfo/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
	# endif
	# else
	# if defined(_WIN64)
	return { "./build/Debug_x64/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/Debug/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
	# else
	return { "./build/Debug_Win32/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/Debug/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./build/vk_swiftshader.dll",
	"./vk_swiftshader.dll" };
	# endif
	# endif
	#elif OS_MAC
	return { "./build/Darwin/libvk_swiftshader.dylib",
	"swiftshader/libvk_swiftshader.dylib",
	"libvk_swiftshader.dylib" };
	#elif OS_LINUX
	return { "./build/Linux/libvk_swiftshader.so",
	"swiftshader/libvk_swiftshader.so",
	"./libvk_swiftshader.so",
	"libvk_swiftshader.so" };
	#elif OS_ANDROID \|\| OS_FUCHSIA
	return
	{
	"libvk_swiftshader.so"
	}
	#else
	# error Unimplemented platform
	return {};
	#endif
	}

	bool fileExists(const char *path)
	{
	std::ifstream f(path);
	return f.good();
	}

	std::string findDriverPath()
	{
	for(auto &path : getDriverPaths())
	{
	if(fileExists(path))
	return path;
	}

	#if(OS_LINUX \|\| OS_ANDROID \|\| OS_FUCHSIA)
	// On Linux-based OSes, the lib path may be resolved by dlopen
	for(auto &path : getDriverPaths())
	{
	auto lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_LAZY \| RTLD_LOCAL);
	if(lib)
	{
	char libPath[2048] = { '\0' };
	dlinfo(lib, RTLD_DI_ORIGIN, libPath);
	dlclose(lib);
	return std::string{ libPath } + "/" + path;
	}
	}
	#endif

	return {};
	}

	} // namespace

	VulkanTester::VulkanTester() = default;

	VulkanTester::~VulkanTester()
	{
	device.waitIdle();
	device.destroy(nullptr);
	if(debugReport) instance.destroy(debugReport);
	instance.destroy(nullptr);
	}

	void VulkanTester::initialize()
	{
	dl = loadDriver();
	assert(dl && dl->success());

	PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr vkGetInstanceProcAddr = dl->getProcAddress<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>("vkGetInstanceProcAddr");
	VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(vkGetInstanceProcAddr);

	vk::InstanceCreateInfo instanceCreateInfo;
	std::vector<const char *> extensionNames
	{
	VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
	#if USE_HEADLESS_SURFACE
	VK_EXT_HEADLESS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
	#endif
	#if defined(VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR)
	VK_KHR_WIN32_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
	#endif
	};
	#if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
	extensionNames.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
	#endif

	std::vector<const char *> layerNames;
	#if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
	auto addLayerIfAvailable = [](std::vector<const char > &layers, const char layer) {
	static auto layerProperties = vk::enumerateInstanceLayerProperties();
	if(std::find_if(layerProperties.begin(), layerProperties.end(), [layer](auto &lp) {
	return strcmp(layer, lp.layerName) == 0;
	}) != layerProperties.end())
	{
	// std::cout << "Enabled layer: " << layer << std::endl;
	layers.push_back(layer);
	}
	};

	addLayerIfAvailable(layerNames, "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
	addLayerIfAvailable(layerNames, "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation");
	#endif

	instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensionNames.data();
	instanceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensionNames.size());
	instanceCreateInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = layerNames.data();
	instanceCreateInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(layerNames.size());

	instance = vk::createInstance(instanceCreateInfo, nullptr);
	VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.init(instance);

	#if ENABLE_VALIDATION_LAYERS
	if(VULKAN_HPP_DEFAULT_DISPATCHER.vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
	{
	vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugInfo;
	debugInfo.messageSeverity =
	// vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eVerbose \|
	vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError \|
	vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning;

	debugInfo.messageType = vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral \|
	vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation \|
	vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance;

	PFN_vkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT debugInfoCallback =
	[](
	VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity,
	VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageTypes,
	const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData,
	void *pUserData) -> VkBool32 {
	// assert(false);
	std::cerr << "[DebugInfoCallback] " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
	return VK_FALSE;
	};

	debugInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugInfoCallback;
	debugReport = instance.createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(debugInfo);
	}
	#endif

	std::vector<vk::PhysicalDevice> physicalDevices = instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
	assert(!physicalDevices.empty());
	physicalDevice = physicalDevices[0];

	const float defaultQueuePriority = 0.0f;
	vk::DeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo;
	queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndex;
	queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
	queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &defaultQueuePriority;

	std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = {
	VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
	};

	vk::DeviceCreateInfo deviceCreateInfo;
	deviceCreateInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = 1;
	deviceCreateInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = &queueCreateInfo;
	deviceCreateInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
	deviceCreateInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());

	device = physicalDevice.createDevice(deviceCreateInfo, nullptr);

	queue = device.getQueue(queueFamilyIndex, 0);
	}

	std::unique_ptr<vk::DynamicLoader> VulkanTester::loadDriver()
	{
	if(LOAD_NATIVE_DRIVER)
	{
	return std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
	}

	auto driverPath = findDriverPath();
	assert(!driverPath.empty());

	if(LOAD_SWIFTSHADER_DIRECTLY)
	{
	return std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>(driverPath);
	}

	// Load SwiftShader via loader

	// Set VK_ICD_FILENAMES env var so it gets picked up by the loading of the ICD driver
	setIcdFilenames = std::make_unique<ScopedSetIcdFilenames>(driverPath.c_str());

	std::unique_ptr<vk::DynamicLoader> dl;
	#ifndef VULKAN_HPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
	try
	{
	dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
	}
	catch(std::exception &ex)
	{
	std::cerr << "vk::DynamicLoader exception: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
	std::cerr << "Falling back to loading SwiftShader directly (i.e. no validation layers)" << std::endl;
	dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>(driverPath);
	}
	#else
	dl = std::make_unique<vk::DynamicLoader>();
	#endif

	return dl;
	}