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//===- Loads.cpp - Local load analysis ------------------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines simple local analyses for load instructions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "llvm/Analysis/Loads.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolution.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpressions.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/GlobalAlias.h"
#include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Statepoint.h"
using namespace llvm;
static MaybeAlign getBaseAlign(const Value *Base, const DataLayout &DL) {
if (const MaybeAlign PA = Base->getPointerAlignment(DL))
return *PA;
Type *const Ty = Base->getType()->getPointerElementType();
if (!Ty->isSized())
return None;
return Align(DL.getABITypeAlignment(Ty));
}
static bool isAligned(const Value *Base, const APInt &Offset, Align Alignment,
const DataLayout &DL) {
if (MaybeAlign BA = getBaseAlign(Base, DL)) {
const APInt APBaseAlign(Offset.getBitWidth(), BA->value());
const APInt APAlign(Offset.getBitWidth(), Alignment.value());
assert(APAlign.isPowerOf2() && "must be a power of 2!");
return APBaseAlign.uge(APAlign) && !(Offset & (APAlign - 1));
}
return false;
}
/// Test if V is always a pointer to allocated and suitably aligned memory for
/// a simple load or store.
static bool isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(
const Value *V, Align Alignment, const APInt &Size, const DataLayout &DL,
const Instruction *CtxI, const DominatorTree *DT,
SmallPtrSetImpl<const Value *> &Visited) {
// Already visited? Bail out, we've likely hit unreachable code.
if (!Visited.insert(V).second)
return false;
// Note that it is not safe to speculate into a malloc'd region because
// malloc may return null.
// bitcast instructions are no-ops as far as dereferenceability is concerned.
if (const BitCastOperator *BC = dyn_cast<BitCastOperator>(V))
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(BC->getOperand(0), Alignment,
Size, DL, CtxI, DT, Visited);
bool CheckForNonNull = false;
APInt KnownDerefBytes(Size.getBitWidth(),
V->getPointerDereferenceableBytes(DL, CheckForNonNull));
if (KnownDerefBytes.getBoolValue() && KnownDerefBytes.uge(Size))
if (!CheckForNonNull || isKnownNonZero(V, DL, 0, nullptr, CtxI, DT)) {
// As we recursed through GEPs to get here, we've incrementally checked
// that each step advanced by a multiple of the alignment. If our base is
// properly aligned, then the original offset accessed must also be.
Type *Ty = V->getType();
assert(Ty->isSized() && "must be sized");
APInt Offset(DL.getTypeStoreSizeInBits(Ty), 0);
return isAligned(V, Offset, Alignment, DL);
}
// For GEPs, determine if the indexing lands within the allocated object.
if (const GEPOperator *GEP = dyn_cast<GEPOperator>(V)) {
const Value *Base = GEP->getPointerOperand();
APInt Offset(DL.getIndexTypeSizeInBits(GEP->getType()), 0);
if (!GEP->accumulateConstantOffset(DL, Offset) || Offset.isNegative() ||
!Offset.urem(APInt(Offset.getBitWidth(), Alignment.value()))
.isMinValue())
return false;
// If the base pointer is dereferenceable for Offset+Size bytes, then the
// GEP (== Base + Offset) is dereferenceable for Size bytes. If the base
// pointer is aligned to Align bytes, and the Offset is divisible by Align
// then the GEP (== Base + Offset == k_0 * Align + k_1 * Align) is also
// aligned to Align bytes.
// Offset and Size may have different bit widths if we have visited an
// addrspacecast, so we can't do arithmetic directly on the APInt values.
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(
Base, Alignment, Offset + Size.sextOrTrunc(Offset.getBitWidth()), DL,
CtxI, DT, Visited);
}
// For gc.relocate, look through relocations
if (const GCRelocateInst *RelocateInst = dyn_cast<GCRelocateInst>(V))
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(
RelocateInst->getDerivedPtr(), Alignment, Size, DL, CtxI, DT, Visited);
if (const AddrSpaceCastInst *ASC = dyn_cast<AddrSpaceCastInst>(V))
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(ASC->getOperand(0), Alignment,
Size, DL, CtxI, DT, Visited);
if (const auto *Call = dyn_cast<CallBase>(V))
if (auto *RP = getArgumentAliasingToReturnedPointer(Call, true))
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(RP, Alignment, Size, DL, CtxI,
DT, Visited);
// If we don't know, assume the worst.
return false;
}
bool llvm::isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(const Value *V, Align Alignment,
const APInt &Size,
const DataLayout &DL,
const Instruction *CtxI,
const DominatorTree *DT) {
// Note: At the moment, Size can be zero. This ends up being interpreted as
// a query of whether [Base, V] is dereferenceable and V is aligned (since
// that's what the implementation happened to do). It's unclear if this is
// the desired semantic, but at least SelectionDAG does exercise this case.
SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 32> Visited;
return ::isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(V, Alignment, Size, DL, CtxI, DT,
Visited);
}
bool llvm::isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(const Value *V, Type *Ty,
MaybeAlign MA,
const DataLayout &DL,
const Instruction *CtxI,
const DominatorTree *DT) {
if (!Ty->isSized())
return false;
// When dereferenceability information is provided by a dereferenceable
// attribute, we know exactly how many bytes are dereferenceable. If we can
// determine the exact offset to the attributed variable, we can use that
// information here.
// Require ABI alignment for loads without alignment specification
const Align Alignment = DL.getValueOrABITypeAlignment(MA, Ty);
APInt AccessSize(DL.getPointerTypeSizeInBits(V->getType()),
DL.getTypeStoreSize(Ty));
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(V, Alignment, AccessSize, DL, CtxI,
DT);
}
bool llvm::isDereferenceablePointer(const Value *V, Type *Ty,
const DataLayout &DL,
const Instruction *CtxI,
const DominatorTree *DT) {
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(V, Ty, Align::None(), DL, CtxI, DT);
}
/// Test if A and B will obviously have the same value.
///
/// This includes recognizing that %t0 and %t1 will have the same
/// value in code like this:
/// \code
/// %t0 = getelementptr \@a, 0, 3
/// store i32 0, i32* %t0
/// %t1 = getelementptr \@a, 0, 3
/// %t2 = load i32* %t1
/// \endcode
///
static bool AreEquivalentAddressValues(const Value *A, const Value *B) {
// Test if the values are trivially equivalent.
if (A == B)
return true;
// Test if the values come from identical arithmetic instructions.
// Use isIdenticalToWhenDefined instead of isIdenticalTo because
// this function is only used when one address use dominates the
// other, which means that they'll always either have the same
// value or one of them will have an undefined value.
if (isa<BinaryOperator>(A) || isa<CastInst>(A) || isa<PHINode>(A) ||
isa<GetElementPtrInst>(A))
if (const Instruction *BI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(B))
if (cast<Instruction>(A)->isIdenticalToWhenDefined(BI))
return true;
// Otherwise they may not be equivalent.
return false;
}
bool llvm::isDereferenceableAndAlignedInLoop(LoadInst *LI, Loop *L,
ScalarEvolution &SE,
DominatorTree &DT) {
auto &DL = LI->getModule()->getDataLayout();
Value *Ptr = LI->getPointerOperand();
APInt EltSize(DL.getIndexTypeSizeInBits(Ptr->getType()),
DL.getTypeStoreSize(LI->getType()));
const Align Alignment = DL.getValueOrABITypeAlignment(
MaybeAlign(LI->getAlignment()), LI->getType());
Instruction *HeaderFirstNonPHI = L->getHeader()->getFirstNonPHI();
// If given a uniform (i.e. non-varying) address, see if we can prove the
// access is safe within the loop w/o needing predication.
if (L->isLoopInvariant(Ptr))
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(Ptr, Alignment, EltSize, DL,
HeaderFirstNonPHI, &DT);
// Otherwise, check to see if we have a repeating access pattern where we can
// prove that all accesses are well aligned and dereferenceable.
auto *AddRec = dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(SE.getSCEV(Ptr));
if (!AddRec || AddRec->getLoop() != L || !AddRec->isAffine())
return false;
auto* Step = dyn_cast<SCEVConstant>(AddRec->getStepRecurrence(SE));
if (!Step)
return false;
// TODO: generalize to access patterns which have gaps
if (Step->getAPInt() != EltSize)
return false;
// TODO: If the symbolic trip count has a small bound (max count), we might
// be able to prove safety.
auto TC = SE.getSmallConstantTripCount(L);
if (!TC)
return false;
const APInt AccessSize = TC * EltSize;
auto *StartS = dyn_cast<SCEVUnknown>(AddRec->getStart());
if (!StartS)
return false;
assert(SE.isLoopInvariant(StartS, L) && "implied by addrec definition");
Value *Base = StartS->getValue();
// For the moment, restrict ourselves to the case where the access size is a
// multiple of the requested alignment and the base is aligned.
// TODO: generalize if a case found which warrants
if (EltSize.urem(Alignment.value()) != 0)
return false;
return isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(Base, Alignment, AccessSize, DL,
HeaderFirstNonPHI, &DT);
}
/// Check if executing a load of this pointer value cannot trap.
///
/// If DT and ScanFrom are specified this method performs context-sensitive
/// analysis and returns true if it is safe to load immediately before ScanFrom.
///
/// If it is not obviously safe to load from the specified pointer, we do
/// a quick local scan of the basic block containing \c ScanFrom, to determine
/// if the address is already accessed.
///
/// This uses the pointee type to determine how many bytes need to be safe to
/// load from the pointer.
bool llvm::isSafeToLoadUnconditionally(Value *V, MaybeAlign MA, APInt &Size,
const DataLayout &DL,
Instruction *ScanFrom,
const DominatorTree *DT) {
// Zero alignment means that the load has the ABI alignment for the target
const Align Alignment =
DL.getValueOrABITypeAlignment(MA, V->getType()->getPointerElementType());
// If DT is not specified we can't make context-sensitive query
const Instruction* CtxI = DT ? ScanFrom : nullptr;
if (isDereferenceableAndAlignedPointer(V, Alignment, Size, DL, CtxI, DT))
return true;
if (!ScanFrom)
return false;
if (Size.getBitWidth() > 64)
return false;
const uint64_t LoadSize = Size.getZExtValue();
// Otherwise, be a little bit aggressive by scanning the local block where we
// want to check to see if the pointer is already being loaded or stored
// from/to. If so, the previous load or store would have already trapped,
// so there is no harm doing an extra load (also, CSE will later eliminate
// the load entirely).
BasicBlock::iterator BBI = ScanFrom->getIterator(),
E = ScanFrom->getParent()->begin();
// We can at least always strip pointer casts even though we can't use the
// base here.
V = V->stripPointerCasts();
while (BBI != E) {
--BBI;
// If we see a free or a call which may write to memory (i.e. which might do
// a free) the pointer could be marked invalid.
if (isa<CallInst>(BBI) && BBI->mayWriteToMemory() &&
!isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(BBI))
return false;
Value *AccessedPtr;
MaybeAlign MaybeAccessedAlign;
if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(BBI)) {
// Ignore volatile loads. The execution of a volatile load cannot
// be used to prove an address is backed by regular memory; it can,
// for example, point to an MMIO register.
if (LI->isVolatile())
continue;
AccessedPtr = LI->getPointerOperand();
MaybeAccessedAlign = MaybeAlign(LI->getAlignment());
} else if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(BBI)) {
// Ignore volatile stores (see comment for loads).
if (SI->isVolatile())
continue;
AccessedPtr = SI->getPointerOperand();
MaybeAccessedAlign = MaybeAlign(SI->getAlignment());
} else
continue;
Type *AccessedTy = AccessedPtr->getType()->getPointerElementType();
const Align AccessedAlign =
DL.getValueOrABITypeAlignment(MaybeAccessedAlign, AccessedTy);
if (AccessedAlign < Alignment)
continue;
// Handle trivial cases.
if (AccessedPtr == V &&
LoadSize <= DL.getTypeStoreSize(AccessedTy))
return true;
if (AreEquivalentAddressValues(AccessedPtr->stripPointerCasts(), V) &&
LoadSize <= DL.getTypeStoreSize(AccessedTy))
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool llvm::isSafeToLoadUnconditionally(Value *V, Type *Ty, MaybeAlign Alignment,
const DataLayout &DL,
Instruction *ScanFrom,
const DominatorTree *DT) {
APInt Size(DL.getIndexTypeSizeInBits(V->getType()), DL.getTypeStoreSize(Ty));
return isSafeToLoadUnconditionally(V, Alignment, Size, DL, ScanFrom, DT);
}
/// DefMaxInstsToScan - the default number of maximum instructions
/// to scan in the block, used by FindAvailableLoadedValue().
/// FindAvailableLoadedValue() was introduced in r60148, to improve jump
/// threading in part by eliminating partially redundant loads.
/// At that point, the value of MaxInstsToScan was already set to '6'
/// without documented explanation.
cl::opt<unsigned>
llvm::DefMaxInstsToScan("available-load-scan-limit", cl::init(6), cl::Hidden,
cl::desc("Use this to specify the default maximum number of instructions "
"to scan backward from a given instruction, when searching for "
"available loaded value"));
Value *llvm::FindAvailableLoadedValue(LoadInst *Load,
BasicBlock *ScanBB,
BasicBlock::iterator &ScanFrom,
unsigned MaxInstsToScan,
AliasAnalysis *AA, bool *IsLoad,
unsigned *NumScanedInst) {
// Don't CSE load that is volatile or anything stronger than unordered.
if (!Load->isUnordered())
return nullptr;
return FindAvailablePtrLoadStore(
Load->getPointerOperand(), Load->getType(), Load->isAtomic(), ScanBB,
ScanFrom, MaxInstsToScan, AA, IsLoad, NumScanedInst);
}
Value *llvm::FindAvailablePtrLoadStore(Value *Ptr, Type *AccessTy,
bool AtLeastAtomic, BasicBlock *ScanBB,
BasicBlock::iterator &ScanFrom,
unsigned MaxInstsToScan,
AliasAnalysis *AA, bool *IsLoadCSE,
unsigned *NumScanedInst) {
if (MaxInstsToScan == 0)
MaxInstsToScan = ~0U;
const DataLayout &DL = ScanBB->getModule()->getDataLayout();
Value *StrippedPtr = Ptr->stripPointerCasts();
while (ScanFrom != ScanBB->begin()) {
// We must ignore debug info directives when counting (otherwise they
// would affect codegen).
Instruction *Inst = &*--ScanFrom;
if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(Inst))
continue;
// Restore ScanFrom to expected value in case next test succeeds
ScanFrom++;
if (NumScanedInst)
++(*NumScanedInst);
// Don't scan huge blocks.
if (MaxInstsToScan-- == 0)
return nullptr;
--ScanFrom;
// If this is a load of Ptr, the loaded value is available.
// (This is true even if the load is volatile or atomic, although
// those cases are unlikely.)
if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst))
if (AreEquivalentAddressValues(
LI->getPointerOperand()->stripPointerCasts(), StrippedPtr) &&
CastInst::isBitOrNoopPointerCastable(LI->getType(), AccessTy, DL)) {
// We can value forward from an atomic to a non-atomic, but not the
// other way around.
if (LI->isAtomic() < AtLeastAtomic)
return nullptr;
if (IsLoadCSE)
*IsLoadCSE = true;
return LI;
}
// Try to get the store size for the type.
auto AccessSize = LocationSize::precise(DL.getTypeStoreSize(AccessTy));
if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst)) {
Value *StorePtr = SI->getPointerOperand()->stripPointerCasts();
// If this is a store through Ptr, the value is available!
// (This is true even if the store is volatile or atomic, although
// those cases are unlikely.)
if (AreEquivalentAddressValues(StorePtr, StrippedPtr) &&
CastInst::isBitOrNoopPointerCastable(SI->getValueOperand()->getType(),
AccessTy, DL)) {
// We can value forward from an atomic to a non-atomic, but not the
// other way around.
if (SI->isAtomic() < AtLeastAtomic)
return nullptr;
if (IsLoadCSE)
*IsLoadCSE = false;
return SI->getOperand(0);
}
// If both StrippedPtr and StorePtr reach all the way to an alloca or
// global and they are different, ignore the store. This is a trivial form
// of alias analysis that is important for reg2mem'd code.
if ((isa<AllocaInst>(StrippedPtr) || isa<GlobalVariable>(StrippedPtr)) &&
(isa<AllocaInst>(StorePtr) || isa<GlobalVariable>(StorePtr)) &&
StrippedPtr != StorePtr)
continue;
// If we have alias analysis and it says the store won't modify the loaded
// value, ignore the store.
if (AA && !isModSet(AA->getModRefInfo(SI, StrippedPtr, AccessSize)))
continue;
// Otherwise the store that may or may not alias the pointer, bail out.
++ScanFrom;
return nullptr;
}
// If this is some other instruction that may clobber Ptr, bail out.
if (Inst->mayWriteToMemory()) {
// If alias analysis claims that it really won't modify the load,
// ignore it.
if (AA && !isModSet(AA->getModRefInfo(Inst, StrippedPtr, AccessSize)))
continue;
// May modify the pointer, bail out.
++ScanFrom;
return nullptr;
}
}
// Got to the start of the block, we didn't find it, but are done for this
// block.
return nullptr;
}